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During the Nizam’s rule, he didn’t allow to open many schools, even though the majority of the population were Hindus; Urdu was made the medium of instruction and books were also translated and available in Urdu language. Jagirdars in their areas didn’t allow opening schools. Nizam didn’t support the opening of the private schools as he was doubtful that these might later became the center of anti-Nizam ideas. Thus, private Telugu schools were not allowed to start, and they also didn’t allow students to join Osmania University. Thus, by 1941, literacy rate in Hyderabad was only 9.3% of the total population (4.3% of women were literate) which was low as compared to the other princely states.