How will you convert benzene into aniline?

Answer

Converting benzene into aniline involves a series of chemical reactions. One common method is the reduction of nitrobenzene, which can be obtained by nitration of benzene. Here’s a step-by-step process:

Nitration of Benzene:

Reduction of Nitrobenzene to Aniline:

Nitrobenzene is then reduced to aniline using a reducing agent. Commonly, iron and hydrochloric acid are used as the reducing agents. The reaction is:

This reaction usually requires heating.

Isolation and Purification:

The resulting aniline can be isolated and purified through techniques such as distillation or extraction.

It’s important to note that this method involves the reduction of a nitro group to an amino group. Additionally, there are alternative methods for synthesizing aniline, depending on the starting materials and the desired reaction conditions. Always ensure proper safety precautions and knowledge of the specific reaction conditions when working with chemicals.