Q. 34.8( 4 Votes )
Write an essay on Chinese civilization.
Answer :
The Chinese Civilization was developed between the valley of the Hwang-Ho and Yang-Tse-Kiang rivers. While initially Chinese script was picture-based, they later developed their own alphabets. Mongolians founded civilization and developed it. The chief kings belonged to the Shang, Chou, Huan, Sui, Tang and Shung dynasties.
Features of Chinese Civilization:
a. Social Life
Chinese society was divided into four classes: Mandarins, Farmers, Artisans and Traders. People who joined the army were either very poor, lazy and being a military man was regarded as an ‘insult’ in the society. Joint family system prevailed where the eldest male member as the head and high morality was emphasised. Women didn’t have a dignified position and the purdah and divorce system were practised.
b. Economic Life:
Agriculture of rice and tea was done on a large scale. Irrigation was conducted through a canal system. Domestication of sheep, pigs, cows, dogs, etc. was done. Sericulture (making of silk cloth) was of prime importance. Handicraft and ceramics were important occupations, with extensive trade conducted in them. Export of silk, salt, raw iron, fur, fish, etc. was done to India on a large scale.
c. Religious Life:
They were nature devotees and worshipped Sun, Sky, Earth and Rain. They believed in spells and magic. The King was regarded as the son of God. They later shifted to Confucius model of monotheism and Buddhism.
d. Science and Knowledge:
It is associated with many technological advances like paper, printing ink, gun power, paintings and compass. Confucius was one of the prominent philosophers.
e. Architecture:
The Great Wall of China is one of the marvels of this civilization. It was built as protection from the constant threat of Hun invasion. It is 1800 miles long, 20 ft wide and 20 ft tall and features many looks out towers at regular intervals.
The ancient Chinese Civilization is based on the principles of philosophy, family values and architecture.
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