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Ionization takes place due to the following reasons:

i. The atoms or molecules ionize to stabilize themselves.

ii. They stabilize themselves by giving and taking of electrons.

iii. For example:

Al has 3 electrons in the outermost shell (2,8,3). To stabilize (complete the shell) itself, aluminum try to loose 3 electrons.

As a result, it achieves 2,8 configurations (complete outermost shell)

iv. Another example is:

Lithium has 1 electron in the outermost shell (2,1). To stabilize (complete the shell) itself, lithium tries to loose 1 electron. As a result, it achieves 2 configurations (complete outermost shell)

v. If the outermost shell of an element is complete, the element will be highly stable.