What change will you observe if you test soap solution with a litmus paper (red and blue)? Give reason for your observation.

Salt A commonly used in bakery products on heating gets converted into another salt B which itself is used for removal of hardness of water, and a gas C is evolved. The gas C when passed through lime water, turns it milky. Identify A, B, and C.

Write the name and the structural formula of the compound formed when ethanol is heated at 443 K with excess of cone. H₂SO_4. State the role of conc. H₂SO₄ in this reaction. Write chemical equation for the reaction.

Why does lime water turn milky when reacted with CO₂?

What happens when a few drops of acetic acid are added to a test tube containing phenolphthalein?

Where in the nature you can find the products of esterification reaction?

An organic compound A with molecular form C₄H₈O₂ on alkaline hydrolysis gives two compound B and C. C on acidification with dil. HCl gives D. Oxidation of B with K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄ also gives D. Identify A, B, C and D and explain all the reactions involved.

A compound ‘X’ on heating with excess conc. sulphuric acid at 443 K gives an unsaturated compound ‘Y’. ‘X’ also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a colourless gas ‘Z’. Identify ‘X’, ‘Y’ and ‘Z’. Write the equation of the chemical reaction of formation of ‘Y’ and also write the role of sulphuric acid in the reaction.