Explain why

The coolant in a chemical or a nuclear plant (i.e., the liquid used to prevent the different parts of a plant from getting too hot) should have high specific heat.

Is it possible to increase the temperature of a gas without adding heat to it? Explain.

A system goes from P to Q by two different paths in the P-V diagram as shown in Fig. 12.8. Heat given to the system in path 1 is 1000 J. The work done by the system along path 1 is more than path 2 by 100 J. What is the heat exchanged by the system in path 2?

Air pressure in a car tyre increases during driving. Explain.

An ideal gas undergoes cyclic process ABCDA as shown in given P-V diagram (Fig. 12.4).

The amount of work done by the gas is

Figure 12.5 shows the P-V diagram of an ideal gas undergoing a change of state from A to B. Four different parts I, II, III and IV as shown in the figure may lead to the same change of state.

What amount of heat must be supplied to 2.0 × 10^–2 kg of nitrogen (at room temperature) to raise its temperature by 45°C at constant pressure? (Molecular mass of N₂ = 28; R = 8.3 J mol^–1 K^–1.)

A geyser heats water flowing at the rate of 3.0 litres per minute from 27°C to 77°C. If the geyser operates on a gas burner, what is the rate of consumption of the fuel if its heat of combustion is 4.0 × 10⁴ J/g?

Explain why

The climate of a harbour town is more temperate than that of a town in a desert at the same latitude.

An electric heater supplies heat to a system at a rate of 100W. If system performs work at a rate of 75 joules per second. At what rate is the internal energy increasing?

In changing the state of a gas adiabatically from an equilibrium state A to another equilibrium state B, an amount of work equal to 22.3 J is done on the system. If the gas is taken from state A to B via a process in which the net heat absorbed by the system is 9.35 cal, how much is the net work done by the system in the latter case? (Take 1 cal = 4.19 J)