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a) Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in genetic engineering.

Genetic engineering is the process of modifying the genetic makeup of an organism. Modifications in the genetic makeup can be generated by methods such as gene targeting, nuclear transplantation, synthetic chromosomes or viral insertion. For example, Insulin can made with the help of bacteria by modifying its gene.

b) Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into cotton.

A gene had been isolated from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and is mixed up with the gene of cotton. This gene controls boll worm insects which attacks cotton plants.