Name two plants which are usually propagated by artificial propagation methods. Name the method of artificial propagation used in each case.

What is a tuber? Name one stem tuber and one root tuber.

List two advantages of vegetative reproduction practiced in case of an orange plant.

When a broken piece of the stem of a plant X is planted in the soil, a new plant grows from it in a week' time. The leaves of plant X also have many small entities Y in their margins which can fall to the ground alone or alongwith leaves and grow into new plants.

(a) Name a plant which X could be.

(b) What are the entities Y present on the leaves of X known as?

(c) Name a plant other than X which can be reproduced from its leaves.

(d) Name a common plant grown in many homes which can be propagated from its broken stems like plant X.

(e) Name a kind of dormant organs present in dry stems of old grass plants lying in the fields which activated and produce green grass plants after the rains.

Stock and scion are involved in the artificial propagation method known as :

A. tissue culture

B. layering

C. grafting

D. cuttings

When the branches of a plant growing in the field are pulled towards the ground and a part of them is covered with moist soil (leaving the tips of the branches exposed above the ground), then after some time new roots develop from the parts of branches buried in the soil. On cutting these branches from the parent plant, new plants are produced from the cut parts of branches which had developed roots.

(a) What is this method of propagation of plants known as ?

(b) What type of branches should a plant have to be able to be propagated by this method ?

(c) Name any two plants which are grown for their flowers and propagated by this method.

(d) Name any two plants which are grown for their fruits and propagated by this method

(e) Name one plant which gets propagated by this method naturally by forming runners (soft horizontal stems running above the ground).

The cut part of plant stem (having roots and fixed to ground) which is used in the process of grafting is known as:

The method of asexual reproduction in plants in which callus is produced is :

A. micropropagation

B. vegetative propagation

C. regeneration

D. fragmentation

List two advantages of growing grapes or banana plants through vegetative propagation.

A scientist removed some cells from the growing point of a plant and placed it in a suitable medium leading to the formation of a shapeless lump of mass X. X is then transferred to another medium which stimulates it to develop roots. When X with developed roots is placed in a yet another medium, then it develops shoots to form tiny plantlets. These plantlets can then be transplanted in pots or soil where they can grow to form mature plants.

(a) What is the shapeless lump of mass X known as ?

(b) What name is given to this method of producing new plants ?

(c) The growth medium used in this method contains plant nutrients in the form of a 'jelly'. Name this jelly.

(d) What is the general name of chemicals used to stimulate the growth of plant cells and development of roots and shoots?

(e) Name any two plants which are produced by this method.

(f) State any two advantages of this method of producing plants.

(g) What is the other name of this method [other than that given in (b) above] ?

Vegetative propagation refers to the formation of new plants from the following existing organs of the old plants: