Give the pair of contrasting traits of the following characters in pea plant and mention which is dominant and recessive (i) yellow seed (ii) round seed.

Why are the traits acquired during the life time of an individual not inherited?

Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of an organism that reproduces asexually?

Give reason for your answer.

One of the following traits cannot be inherited. This one is:

Select the incorrect statement from the following:

One of the following traits of the parents cannot be passed on to their future generations. This trait is:

Only one of the following characteristic of the parents can be inherited by their children. This one is:

Give reasons for the appearance of new combinations of characters in the F₂ progeny.

A person first crossed pure-bred pea plants having round-yellow seeds with pure-bred pea plants having wrinkled-green seeds and found that only A-B type of seeds were produced in the F₁generation. When F₁ generation pea plants having A-B type of seeds were cross-bred by self-pollination, then in addition to the original round-yellow and wrinkled-green seeds, two new varieties A-D and C-B type of seeds were also obtained.

(a) What are A-B type of seeds?

(b) State whether A and B are dominant traits or recessive traits.

(c) What are A-D type of seeds?

(d) What are C-B type of seeds?

(e) Out of A-B and A-D types of seeds, which one will be produced in

(i) minimum numbers, and

(ii) maximum numbers, in the F₂ generation ?

A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group 0 and their daughter has blood group 0. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits - blood group A or 0 -is dominant? Why or why not?

The person A has only B chromosomes in all its gametes. On the other hand, another person C has chromosome D in half of gametes and chromosome E in the other half of gametes. When chromosomes B and D combine during fertilization, a female zygote results. On the other hand, combination of B and E chromosomes produces a male zygote.

(a) What are chromosomes?

(i) B

(ii) D, and

(iii) E ?

(b) Out of B, D and E, which two chromosomes are of the same type?

(c) Which chromosome is smaller in size?

(d) What is the general name of chromosomes such as B and E?

(e) Out of the two persons A and C, which one is

(i) male, and

(ii) female ?