Answer :
European governments were driven by the spirit of Conservatism after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815.
1. Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society-the Church, social hierarchies, property and family-should be preserved.
2. They also realized that modernization could strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy and a return to the society of the pre-revolutionary days was not required. This could, eventually, contribute towards making state power more effective and strong.
3. The belief that abolition of feudalism and serfdom, replacing it with a modern army, an efficient bureaucracy and a strong economy could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe.
NOTE – Conservatism as an ideology emerged in Europe after Napoleon was defeated by the allied forces- Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Conservatism, in basic terms, refers to a set of beliefs that gave importance to traditional practices and wanted change in a gradual manner. (Not radical in approach)
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