Answer :
We will find remainder using remainder theorem which states that
If a polynomial p(x) is divided by a polynomial x – a then the remainder is p(a)
Let p(x) = x4 + x3 - 3x2 + 3x + 1
x – 1
comparing x – 1 with x – a we have here a = 1
x – 1= 0, x = 1
⇒ p(a) = p(1)
⇒ p(1) = 14 + 13 – 3(1)2 + 3(1) + 1
⇒ p(1) = 1 + 1 – 3 + 3 + 1
⇒ p(1) = 3
Hence the remainder when p(x) is divided by x – 1 is 3
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