Q. 14.1( 619 Votes )
Find the zeroes of the following quadratic polynomials and verify the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients.
(i) x2 - 2x - 8
(ii) 4s2 - 4s + 1
(iii) 6x2 - 3 - 7x
(iv) 4u2 + 8u
(v) t2 - 15
(vi) 3x2 - x - 4
Answer :
Zeroes of the polynomial are the values of the variable of the polynomial when the polynomial is put equal to zero.
Let p(x) be a polynomial with any number of terms any number of degree.
Now, zeroes of the polynomial will be the values of x at which p(x) = 0.
If p(x) = ax2 + bx + c is a quadratic polynomial (highest power is equal to 2) and its roots are α and β, then
Sum of the roots = α + β = - b/a
Product of roots = αβ = c/a
(i) p(x) = x2 - 2x - 8
So, the zeroes will be the values of x at which p(x) = 0
Therefore,
⇒ x2 - 4x + 2x - 8 = 0
(We will factorize 2 such that the product of the factors is equal to 8 and difference is equal to 2)
⇒ x(x - 4) + 2(x - 4) = 0
= (x - 4)(x + 2)
The value of x2 - 2x - 8 is zero when x − 4 = 0 or x + 2 = 0,
i.e, x = 4 or x = −2
Therefore, The zeroes of x2 - 2x - 8 are 4 and −2.
Sum of zeroes = 4 + (-2) = 2
Hence, it is verified that,
Product of zeroes =
Hence, it is verified that,
(ii) 4s2 - 4s + 1
= (2s)2 - 2(2s)1 + 12
As, we know (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2, the above equation can be written as
= (2s - 1)2
The value of 4s2 − 4s + 1 is zero when 2s − 1 = 0, when, s = 1/2 , 1/2.
Therefore, the zeroes of 4s2 − 4s + 1 are and
.
Sum of zeroes =
Product of zeroes =
Hence Verified.
(iii) 6x2 - 3 - 7x
= 6x2 - 7x - 3
(We will factorize 7 such that the product of the factors is equal to 18 and the difference is equal to - 7)
= 6x2 + 2x - 9x - 3
= 2x(3x + 1) - 3(3x + 1)
= (3x + 1)(2x - 3)
The value of 6x2 − 3 − 7x is zero when 3x + 1 = 0 or 2x − 3 = 0,
i.e.
Therefore, the zeroes of 6x2 − 3 − 7x are .
Sum of zeroes =
Product of zeroes =
Hence, verified.
(iv) 4u2 + 8u
= 4u2 + 8u + 0
= 4u (u + 2)
The value of 4u2 + 8u is zero when 4u = 0 or u + 2 = 0,
i.e., u = 0 or u = −2
Therefore, the zeroes of 4u2 + 8u are 0 and −2.
Sum of zeroes =
Product of zeroes =
(v) t2 – 15
= t2 – (√15)2
= (t - √15)(t + √15) [As, x2 - y2 = (x - y)(x + y)]
The value of t2 − 15 is zero when (t - √15) = 0 or (t + √15) = 0,
i.e., when t = √15 or t = -√15
Therefore, the zeroes of t2 − 15 are √15 and -√15.
Sum of zeroes =
Product of zeroes =
Hence verified.
(vi) 3x2 – x – 4
(We will factorize 1 in such a way that the product of factors is equal to 12 and the difference is equal to 1)
= 3x2 - 4x + 3x - 4
= x(3x - 4) + 1(3x - 4)
= (3x – 4 )(x + 1)
The value of 3x2 − x − 4 is zero when 3x − 4 = 0 or x + 1 = 0,
when
Therefore, the zeroes of 3x2 − x − 4 are and -1
Sum of zeroes =
Product of zeroes =
Hence, verified.
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