Consider two processes on a system as shown in the figure.



The volumes in the initial states are the same in the two processes and the volumes in the final states are also the same. Let ΔW₁ and ΔW₂ be the work done by the system in the processes A and B respectively.

A. ΔW₁ > ΔW₂

B. ΔW₁ = ΔW₂

C. ΔW₁ < ΔW₂

D. Nothing can be said about the relation between ΔW₁ and ΔW₂.

Figure shows a cylindrical tube of volume V with adiabatic walls containing an ideal gas. The internal energy of this ideal gas is given by 1.5 nRT. The tube is divided into two equal parts by a fixed diathermic wall. Initially, the pressure and the temperature are p₁, T₁ on the left and p₂, T₂ on the right. The system is left for sufficient time so that the temperature becomes equal on the two sides.

(a) How much work has been done by the gas on the left part?

(b) Find the final pressures on the two sides.

(c) Find the final equilibrium temperature.

(d) How much heat has flown from the gas on the right to the gas on the left?

Find the change in the internal energy of 2 kg of water as it is heated from 0°C to 4°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg^–1 K^–1 and its densities at 0°C and 4°C are 999.9 kg m^–3 and 1000 kg m^–3 respectively. Atmospheric pressure = 10⁵ Pa.

Figure shows the variation in the internal energy U with the volume V of 2.0 mol of an ideal gas in a cyclic process abcda. The temperatures of the gas at b and c are 500 K and 300 K respectively. Calculate the heat absorbed by the gas during the process.

The internal energy of a gas is given by U = 1.5 pV. It expands from 100 cm³ to 200 cm³ against a constant pressure of 1.0 × 10⁵ Pa. Calculate the heat absorbed by the gas in the process.

A gas is enclosed in a cylindrical vessel fitted with a frictionless piston. The gas is slowly heated for some time. During the process, 10 J of heat is supplied, and the piston is found to move out 10 cm. Find the increase in the internal energy of the gas. The area of cross section of the cylinder = 4 cm² and the atmospheric pressure = 100 kPa.

A gas is taken along the path AB as shown in the figure. If 70 cal of heat is extracted from the gas in the process, calculate the change in the internal energy of the system.

A thermally insulated, closed copper vessel contains water at 15°C. When the vessel is shaken vigorously for 15 minutes, the temperature rises to 17°C. The mass of the vessel is 100 g and that of the water is 200 g. The specific heat capacities of copper and water are 420 J kg^–1 K^–1 and 4200 J kg^–1 K^–1 respectively.

Neglect any thermal expansion.

(a) How much heat is transferred to the liquid-vessel system?

(b) How much work has been done on this system?

(c) How much is the increase in internal energy of the system?

A substance is taken through the process abc as shown in the figure. If the internal energy of the substance increases by 5000 J and heat of 2625 cal is given to the system, calculate the value of J.

A gas is taken through a cyclic process ABCA as shown in the figure. If 2.4 cal of heat is given in the process, what is the value of J?

When a system is taken through the process abc shown in figure 80J of heat is absorbed by the system and 30 J of work is done by it. If the system does 10 J of work during the process adc, how much heat flows into it during the process?