A compound X is formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid C₂H₄O₂ and an alcohol in presence of a few drops of H₂SO₄. The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline KMnO₄ followed by acidification gives the same carboxylic acid used in this reaction. Give the names and structures of the

a. carboxylic acid,

b. alcohol and

c. compound X.

Also, write the reaction.

Salt A commonly used in bakery products on heating gets converted into another salt B which itself is used for removal of hardness of water, and a gas C is evolved. The gas C when passed through lime water, turns it milky. Identify A, B, and C.

Write the name and the structural formula of the compound formed when ethanol is heated at 443 K with excess of cone. H₂SO_4. State the role of conc. H₂SO₄ in this reaction. Write chemical equation for the reaction.

Why does lime water turn milky when reacted with CO₂?

What happens when a few drops of acetic acid are added to a test tube containing phenolphthalein?

Where in the nature you can find the products of esterification reaction?

An organic compound A with molecular form C₄H₈O₂ on alkaline hydrolysis gives two compound B and C. C on acidification with dil. HCl gives D. Oxidation of B with K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄ also gives D. Identify A, B, C and D and explain all the reactions involved.

A compound ‘X’ on heating with excess conc. sulphuric acid at 443 K gives an unsaturated compound ‘Y’. ‘X’ also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a colourless gas ‘Z’. Identify ‘X’, ‘Y’ and ‘Z’. Write the equation of the chemical reaction of formation of ‘Y’ and also write the role of sulphuric acid in the reaction.